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来自百科
Red SeaThe Red Sea connects the Suez Canal with the Indian Ocean through Bab el-Mandeb. Its shipping lanes are vital to Israel, Egypt and international trade, and have been disrupted by attacks from the Iran-backed Houthis.Middle EastThe Middle East is a region linking Israel, neighboring Arab countries, Iran and surrounding lands at a strategic gateway between Europe, Asia and Africa. Its ancient cultures, religious traditions, energy resources and waterways have shaped world history and modern international affairs.LevantThe Levant is the eastern Mediterranean region encompassing Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Its history connects the ancient Land of Israel and Jerusalem with successive empires, modern states, religious communities and regional conflicts.Hussein of JordanHussein bin Talal was Jordan’s Hashemite king from 1952 until his death in 1999. His reign encompassed Jordan’s entry into the 1967 Six-Day War, its confrontation with armed PLO factions during Black September, and the 1994 peace treaty with Israel.Black SeptemberBlack September was the September 1970 struggle in Jordan between King Hussein’s forces and armed factions led by Yasser Arafat. The fighting ended the PLO’s ability to operate from Jordan’s border with Israel and gave its name to a later Fatah organization responsible for attacks abroad, including the 1972 Munich massacre.AqabaAqaba is Jordan’s only seaport and maritime gateway. Facing Israel’s Eilat at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba, it is central to Jordanian trade, Red Sea navigation and cooperation under the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty.Abdullah I of JordanAbdullah I founded the Emirate of Transjordan with British backing in 1921 and became its first king on independence in 1946. His reign shaped the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and included war with Israel, Jordan’s conquest of Judea and Samaria, and the expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem’s Old City.Jordan RiverThe Jordan River flows from headwaters near Mount Hermon through the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. Sacred in Jewish and Christian tradition, it is also a major water source and a central feature of the Israel–Jordan border.
